Questions? Comments?Don and Tom open with an honest reflection on market déjà vu—how today’s investing climate echoes the speculative excesses of 1929 and 2008. Citing Andrew Ross Sorkin’s new book 1929: Inside the Greatest Crash in Wall Street History, they discuss the modern “financialization” wave: private equity, venture capital, crypto, and private credit being repackaged for retail investors and even 401(k)s, often under looser regulation. They warn listeners about “mark to make-believe” valuations and Wall Street’s relentless drive to sell complexity to the masses. The conversation moves from cautionary history (leveraged trusts of 1929, margin loans, and subprime mortgages) to present-day parallels like Bitcoin ETFs and private-market tokens. The takeaway: avoid opaque, speculative products; stick with transparent, low-cost diversification. In the Q&A, they answer listener questions about simplifying global portfolios with VT vs. VTI/VXUS, and about selling or donating concentrated stock positions from employee plans.0:04 Opening disclaimers and acknowledgment that the episode isn’t meant to scare investors1:18 Historical parallels—1929, 1987, 2008—and the feeling of “market déjà vu”2:10 Introducing Andrew Ross Sorkin’s new book 1929 and his NYT column on modern speculation3:20 Financialization and the loosening of investor protections in the 2020s4:33 Wall Street’s constant invention of confusing products that favor sellers4:58 Robinhood’s Vlad Tenev and the illusion of democratizing risk6:12 Lowering the barriers to private markets and what that means for investors7:26 Echoes of 1929: leveraged ETFs, margin-like structures, and “Russian-doll” debt8:29 The perils of leverage and speed of modern market declines9:02 Private-market tokens and the “mark-to-make-believe” problem10:25 Overvaluation, lack of liquidity, and Wall Street’s interest in 401(k) assets11:41 Historical leverage shifts—from banks to private credit12:58 Why trusting financial “authorities” can be dangerous13:32 Emotional honesty: people lie, and investors must self-protect14:42 Jealousy, lottery-thinking, and envy as behavioral pitfalls15:36 Investing as elimination—avoid what’s complex, costly, or confusing16:48 Listener Q&A: two-fund simplicity (VT + BND) vs. multi-ETF tinkering18:38 The temptation to overweight U.S. equities20:00 Contrarian case for international exposure (VXUS)21:15 ESPP stock cleanup: when to sell concentrated holdings22:44 Charitable giving of appreciated stock for tax efficiencyLearn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices